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The King's German Legion

The King's German Legion, formed in 1803 from veterans of the Hanoverian Army living in Britain, was a welcome and essential component of Wellington's Army in the Peninsular Campaign during the War with France. Following the Battle of Waterloo, the KGL was (in 1816) returned to Germany.

From its inception in 1803, the KGL soon expanded from a regiment of infantry to include dragoons, lancers, artillery and additional regiments of infantry. Its reputation for conducting skifull operations grew through the conflict and are dealt with elsewhere. The KGL's significance to the Royal Military Asylum was that the same privileges of admission to the institution that existed for children of rank and file soldiers of the British line were extended to the KGL.

Between 1803 and 1805, the legion grew to two battalions of light infantry, four of line infantry, two horse batteries, three foot batteries and a corps of engineers. The cavalry consisted of one regiment of heavy and one of light dragoons. All KGL regiments were subject to British Army regulations and, although commanded by their own corps of officers, they received and were given their commands in English.

On sum, the creation and fate of the KGL is as here tabulated:

1803.08.10 The King's German Regiment raised in England from veterans of the Hanoverian Army
1803.12.19 The King's German Legion expanded to a 5,000-man corps of all arms
1806 Expanded to 14,000-man corps
1816.05.24 Disbanded in Hanover (battle honours and traditions inherited by regiments of the reconstituted Hanoverian Army)

Not all personnel of the KGL returned to Germany at the cessation of hostilities. Many had returned following the liberation of Hanover and some before the Battle of Waterloo. A good number remained in the British Army as members of the Foreign Veterans Battalion (see the detail below). It is this wide dispersal and break-up of the KGL that makes it difficult to match its orphans taken into the RMA with their parents. Thanks, however, to the generous assistance of Mr. Peter Towey, Vice-President, Anglo-German FHS organisation it has been possible to match some of the children with parents and units.

The children identified as having fathers in the KGL are tabulated below. The second section following is a continuation of the first section:

ENTRY
NAME
AGE
ADMITTED
REG_SORTER
RANK
FATHER
DF
MOTHER
1743
SAWKIE John
9
03/05/1814
Kings German Legn 1st Rfle Reg
 
Philip
A
Lucy
852
KERCHNER Theresa **
6
01/09/1814
Kings German Legion
Pte
Andrew
D
Maria
851
KERCHNER Elizabeth **
11
01/09/1814
Kings German Legion
Pte
Andrew
D
Maria
2658
HEINE George
7
26/01/1818
German Legion 1st
Pte
George
D
Mary
2742
FRANTZ Charles B
6
23/06/1818
Kings German Legn 1st Hussars
Sgt
Henry
A
Mary
2741
FRANTZ John Henry
10
23/06/1818
Kings German Legn 1st Hussars
Sgt
Henry
A
Mary
3374
FORBS John\
(aka FAHLBUSCH)
9
04/07/1821
Dragoons 2nd German
Sgt
Henry
D
 
3546
HAASS John
9
30/01/1822
Kings German Legion
Pte
John
A
Mary
3565
VAULBUSCH Charles
9
25/03/1822
Kings German Legion
Pte
Christian
D
Sarah
3598
DANGERS William H F
8
10/07/1822
Kings German Legion
Pte
Henry
D
Elizabeth

 

DISCHARGE
APPR_TO
ADDRESS
25/07/1818
Army Volunteer
90th Regt of Foot
18/03/1822
OLDKNOW Samuel Esq
Mellor. Nr Stockport. Cheshire
09/06/1818
EDWARDS John
Tabernacle Row 13. Finsbury Square
02/03/1824
Army Volunteer
65th Regt of Foot
16/01/1820
Detained
Detained by parents whilst on pass
16/01/1820
Detained
Detained by parents whilst on pass
26/02/1825
Army Volunteer
60th Regt of Foot
28/01/1823
Delivered to his father
 
18/05/1826
Army Volunteer
9th Regt of Foot
17/04/1825
Delivered
 

The listing below, provided by the Anglo-German FHS Association, is not complete. Where there is a possible match, the parent or parents of the children are identified. The eventual disposition of each child when discharged from the RMA is to be found in the preceding table of entries taken from the RMA admissions registers.

The first name, Sawkie, has not been traced through the Association's records, which are derived from the records of the National Archives, Kew. Peter Towey, Vice-president of the Anglo-German FHS Association pointed out that Sawkie is not of German origin. This fact might explain why the name does not appear in the records quoted.

Andrew Kirchner, Pte 8th Company, 1st Line Batt, KGL, 1808 WO12/1841 and wife Maria are thought to be the parents of Theresa and Elizabeth Kirchner. Note that Theresa was one of the unfortunate children 'indentured' as a cotton spinner delivered Samuel Oldknow (see the article 1815-21 Cotton Weavers).

George Heine, Pte, 8th Company, 2nd Light Infantry Batt, KGL, 1808, WO12/1841, matches George Heine, age 7½, who joined the RMA 26 January 1818. However, there is also a match with George Heine, 39, of Hameln, 1st Foreign Veterans, 24 Feb 1816, WO25/3236 & 116/26. The second match is the more likely father of the two George Heines listed. George Heine, RMA pupil, volunteered for enlistment in 1824 at age 13 in the 65th Foot.

John Henry Frantz, age 10 and Charles B. Frantz, age 6 are brothers who entered the RMA together in June 1818. Their parents are identified as Sgt Henry & Mary Franz of the KGL 1st Hussars and were listed as both living in 1818. As both boys are recorded as 'Detained' in 1820 it is obvious that they were kept by their parents or guardians when on 'leave' or 'weekend pass'. The KGL Association, however, has no record of a Sgt. Henry Franz of the 1st Hussars. Other possible candidates, who might have been promoted and transferred are: Heinrich Frantz, wachtmeister, 1st Light Dragoons, KGL;

Henry Franz, Pte, 1st Company, 4th Line Battn, KGL, 1808, WO12/11880 (unlikely);

Henry Franz, Pte, 7th Company, 1st Light Infantry Battn, KGL, 1808, WO12/11813 (also unlikely, both Franz's being infantry soldiers).

John Forbs (Fahlbusch), age 9, entered the RMA 4 July 1821, was listed as the son of Sgt. Henry Fahlbusch (deceased) 2nd German Dragoons 13 1825. The like match for John Forbs is Henry Fahlbusch, Pte, Bergmann Troop, 2nd Heavy Dragoons, KGL, 1808, WO12/11760 who could well have been promoted to sergeant during his service. John Forbs volunteered for enlistment in the 60th Foot in 1825 with the trade of tailor.

John Haass, age 9, joined the RMA in 1822, the son of Pte John & Mary Hasse. Two Pte John Haase are candidates for this boy's father: John Haase, Pte, 5th Company, 4th Line Battn, KGL, 1808 WO12/11880; and John Haase, Pte, 7th Company, 4th Line Battn, KGL, 1808, WO12/ 11880. Whichever one was the boys father took 'delivery' of the boy the next year, 1823. (Note: misspellings of names frequently occur in the registers.)

For Charles Valulbusch, age 9, in the Asylum in March 1822, his parents, entered in the register as Pte Christian (deceased) and Sarah Valulbusch there is no matching registration in the KGL records. Charles Valulbusch enlisted in the 9th Foot in 1825 at age 12.

William Danger, age 8, in the RMA in July 1822 was the son of Pte Henry (deceased) and Elizabeth Danger, 1st Foreign Veterans, 24 February 1816, WO25/3236 & 116/26.

Elizabeth Danger was registered as living in Hardegsen, Germany. Her son was 'delivered' to her in 1825.

Peter Towey, in correspondence, recognized Tabernacle Row in Finsbury Square (see the entry for Elizabeth Kerchner, indentured to John Edwards of Tabernacle Row) as the address of German sugar bakers in the early 19th Century. It was therefore probably a German area of the city in which several sugar-manufacturing houses existed. He was emphatic that females would not work in such places. Elizabeth was probably a servant to John Edwards, who would have needed acceptable credentials to guarantee her indenture.

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